Possibility of Local Recurrence Caused by Surgical Instruments in the Mouse Skin Cancer Model.

Kim, Gook Jin; Lee, Hyoung Suk; Kim, Nam Gyun; Lee, Kyung Suk; Kim, Jun Sik; Park, Sang Woo

Original Article

Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 2011;38(4):339-344.
Published online July 1, 2011.

Possibility of Local Recurrence Caused by Surgical Instruments in the Mouse Skin Cancer Model.

Gook Jin Kim, Hyoung Suk Lee, Nam Gyun Kim, Kyung Suk Lee, Jun Sik Kim, Sang Woo Park

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Hospital, Geongsang National University, Jinju, Korea. junskim@gaechuk.gsnu.ac.kr
²Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Changwon Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.

Abstract

PURPOSE
The goal of cancer surgery is complete removal of cancer tissue and prevention of recurrence. Surgeons can change the surgical instruments after total resection of the cancer mass. The purpose of this procedure is to prevent dissemination of the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments. Authors hypothesize the possibility of local recurrence caused by the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments in the skin cancer cases. METHODS: Skin cancers were induced by using DMBA-TPA two-stage carcinogenesis model in 10 of Balb/c mice. In 2-weeks, skin cancer was developed in all 10 mice. cancer cell attached surgical instruments were made by pinching the removed cancer tissue using Adson tissue forcep 10, 20, 30 times each. To count number of cancer cells in each forcep with different number of pinching was done, the forceps were washed in 30 mL of the normal saline and Cytospin preparation was done. To make recurrence models from cancer cell attached surgical instrument, three incisions were made in normal skin of each mouse, and local seeding was done by pinching subcutaneous tissue in 10, 20, 30 times each by using Adson teeth forceps mentioned above as cancer cell attached surgical instrument.
RESULTS
All skin cancers were squamous cell carcinoma. Local recurrences were developed in 7 mice (3 in 10 times forceping site, 2 in 20 times forceping and 3 in 30 times forceping). In the cytospin test, the mean number of squamous cells in 100 microscope was 28.6 in 10 times, 47.2 in 20 times, 93.6 in 30 times, respectively. P value was 0.002 in Wilcoxon-Sign test.
CONCLUSION
The number of cell count was significantly increased as number of pinching was increased. And these cells are able to induce local recurrence by local seeding. Considering this result, authors are able to confirm that the minimal handling in cancer surgery is important factor to prevent local recurrence.

Keywords: Local recurrence; Mouse; Skin cancer; Squamous cell carcinoma; Surgical instrument