The Effects of Bone Regeneration of the Dermal Collagen Matrix(AlloDerm(R)) Graft in the Rabbit Calvarium.

Park, Sang Woo; Lee, Kyung Suck; Kim, Jun Sik

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Original Article

Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 2005;32(3):335-342.
Published online May 1, 2005.

The Effects of Bone Regeneration of the Dermal Collagen Matrix(AlloDerm(R)) Graft in the Rabbit Calvarium.

Sang Woo Park, Kyung Suck Lee, Jun Sik Kim

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea. junskim@gaechuk.gsnu.ac.kr

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate possibility of the allogenic type I collagen inducing osteoinduction or osteoconduction at critical sized bone defect in the rabbit. Twenty Newzealand white rabbit, weighted from 2.8kg to 3.5kg, were used in this study. The skull was exposed and two bony defects were created with diameter of 10mm. Group I(n=10), the bony defects was grafted from the other side bone. Group II(n=10), the bony defects was grafted by the allogenic type I collagen with bone morphogenic protein(BMP). Group III(n=10), the bony defects was grafted by the allogenic type I collagen only. Group IV(n=10), the bony defects was lefted with no grafts. The grafted bones and allogenic type I collagen were investigated with radiologic densitometry, histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry after 12 weeks. No major difference was observed in the gross finding between Group I, II, III, but dura mater was exposed in bony defect,the Group IV. The radiologic study demonstrated more bony opacity in the Group I, but the other groups did not demonstrate a significant difference. In the histologic study, grafted bone edge was completely consolidated with original bone in group I and new bone ingrew into the grafted allogenic type I collagen(group II, III),but there is no bone regeneration from the original bony edge in the group IV. The percent of the new bone formation by cross-sectional area was considered statistically significant at a p value of less than 0.05(p<0.05). In the immunohistochemistry study about BMP antibodies, the group IV demonstrated osteogenic activity in front of advancing original bone edge, in which the osteoblast stained strongly for BMP antibodies, but other group does not demonstrated any osteoblastic expression. There was no immunologic rejection. In conclusion, this results do not demonstrate that the allogenic type I collagen is useful for bone substitute, but the characters of the collagen, such as pliability, easy-handling, sponge-like structure, are useful in interpositional bone graft substitutes. The further evaluation of long term results about the resorption, immunologic tissue reaction, response of applied tissue growth factor to the allogenic collagen is needed.

Keywords: Allogenic type I collagen; Bone graft; Critical sized defects

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